Lactating dairy cattle require proper mineral supplementation
Minerals are a key component in the diet of cattle, especially those producing large quantities of milk.
Many minerals aid in the proper function of cattle including calcium, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Of these minerals, calcium is one of the most important in aiding normal body functions of lactating cattle.
“Milk is real high in calcium. One of the biggest mineral usages of a cow is meeting that mineral requirement to produce milk – probably the most important one. Others are phosphorus, potassium and zinc,” said Wayne Hurst, former Purina dairy nutritionist and consultant.
Calcium deficiency is one of the most common deficiencies seen in lactating cattle, usually after giving birth. The sudden increase in the production of milk requires large amounts of calcium, taking the calcium out of the cow’s bones and prohibiting normal bodily functions.
Minerals not only aid in cattle muscle function and milk production but also play a vital role in the digestive system of cattle. Minerals are required for the proper function of the rumen microbial population, which Hurst referred to as “bugs.”
“Rumen bugs have a mineral requirement, too. It is important to not only take care of the cow based on her mineral needs, but also take care of the rumen microbial population, because they need minerals too,” said Hurst.
“Most everyday mineral is sufficient for a beef cow, but not sufficient enough for a big producing dairy cow,” said Hurst.
Many factors play a role in the mineral intake of lactating cattle, so the most effective way to determine a herd’s mineral needs is to work with a nutritionist. Nutritionists can be found at a local feed store or by contacting a county extension office. It is also important to follow up with the feed company that mixes the feed to ensure an adequate amount of minerals are added to the feed.
After working with a nutritionist and determining the needs of a herd, implementing a plan is the next step. Hurst favors adding minerals to the daily rations of cattle as opposed to providing free choice mineral options.
Controlling the mineral intake of a herd and dictating their individual needs is the most efficient way to provide a herd with minerals.
“The best option is to control and dictate. The best way is through the feed. Making sure they are meeting those needs day in and day out,” said Hurst.
