1. Have solid sides or barriers around the cattle to prevent them from seeing people deep inside their flight zones. This is especially important for wild or excitable cattle.
2. To prevent lunging at the headgate, the bovine's view of an escape pathway must be blocked until it is fully restrained. This principle does not apply to pigs.
3. Provide non-slip flooring for all species of animals.
4. Slow steady motion of a restraint device is calming, while sudden jerky motion excites.
5. Use the concept of optimal pressure. Sufficient pressure must be applied to provide the feeling of restraint, but excessive pressure that causes pain or discomfort must be avoided.
6. The entrance of the restraint device must be well lighted, however, lamps must not glare into the eyes of approaching animals. All species must be able to see a place to go.
7. Livestock will remain calmer if they can see other animals within touching distance.
8. Engineer equipment to minimize noise. High pitched noise is more disturbing to livestock than a low pitched rumble.
9. Restraint devices must be designed to avoid uncomfortable pressure points on the animal's body.
10. Restrain livestock in an upright position.
This information was used with permission from Dr. Temple Grandin. To review all of Dr. Grandin's information on livestock restraint systems you can visit www.ozarksfn.com and click on the Extended Stories button.
