Cattle feeders’ No. 1 concern was feed inputs. Not any more, said Mike Sands, Informa Economics.
The market analyst predicts corn will not stay as low as $3 per bushel (bu.) for long, but the new trading levels for corn may be of little consequence compared to the declining feeder calf supply.
“I’d argue that the biggest challenges cattle feeders will face over the next few years are going to be sourcing feeder cattle and economically utilizing excess feedlot capacity,” he told producers at Feeding Quality Forums in North Platte, Neb., and Amarillo, Texas, last month.
Cattle and National Herd Expectations
Cowherd returns have fallen from $180 per head in 2005 to just a few dollars in 2008.
“Typically, changes in profitability have about a two-year lag effect in the size of the cowherd, so the slowdown in returns in 2007 and 2008 will continue to impact the size of the beef cow herd as we go into 2009 and 2010,” Sands said.
This past summer, cow slaughter hung around 20 percent above a year earlier, suggesting about 700,000 cows were taken out of the nation’s cowherd during the calendar year. That reduction could extend into the next few years, bringing total cutbacks to a million head.
“Well, if we don’t raise our own feeders, why not just import them from Canada?” he asked. “We’ve been fairly aggressive in doing that in the past, but they’re under the same kind of economic pressures we are and reducing the size of their cow herds as well.”
He estimates the industry is peaking seasonally at 80 percent feeding capacity right now and he expects that number to dip to under 70 percent by late spring or summer.
“It’s going to be real tough for a lot of cattle feeders to maintain profitable operations with capacity utilization rates slipping that low,” he says. This could lead to changes, including shifts to dairy or beef heifer developing, more specialized backgrounding yards and more consolidation.
Feed prices are actually the good news.
“I think we’ve made a huge step toward working that big price shock through the industry,” Sands said. “A significant portion of the adjustment to higher values has probably been accomplished.”
The industry has adapted and draws on next year’s grain production are going to be less. Smaller cattle, hog and chicken populations will bring feed use down.
“I’m not sure it’s ever happened that we’ve cut every major species at the same time,” he said.
Ethanol accounted for 4 billion bu. of a 12-billion-bu. crop, or nearly a third of corn use, during the last growing season, but that could even decrease somewhat.
“At the present time we are producing ethanol in excess of the mandates, so those numbers could be paired back a little bit in 2009,” Sands said, noting that’s a short-term relief.
Last summer’s skyrocketing corn prices, coupled with the collapse in crude oil and gasoline prices, has eroded ethanol margins.
“That may slow down the rate of build-out in ethanol production, but in no way, shape or form, do I think we’re going to be rolling back the clock,” he said.
Corn Expectations
Sands expects 2009 corn production to go up, because of both planted acres and yield improvements. Exports have also slowed, especially as the U.S. dollar increased in worth the latter part of this year, picking up about 20 percent of its lost value from earlier months.
This all seems to pressure corn prices downward, yet Sands said it does not mean long-term prices will “bust” from the new, higher base level.
“Carryover stocks are building, but they are still small,” he said. “They are going to stay tight enough and usage levels are going to stay high enough that volatility is still going to be the name of the game.”
National and Worldwide Demand
The worldwide demand for feed and food continues to increase, as places like China, India, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore continue to grow in wealth.
“In the past two or three years, we’ve probably added about a billion people to the worldwide middle class,” Sands said. “That demand on resources is not going away.”
The economics favor higher retail beef prices and strong beef demand, despite the U.S. recession and worldwide economic slowdown, he predicted.
“I keep hearing that we’re in a recession, and isn’t that negative for beef demand? Historically, no,” he said.
Beef consumption will get smaller, but mainly because we’re going to produce less.
“People are going to talk about eroding beef demand — and that is still a risk — but historically, that’s concentrated in the foodservice industry while retail demand increases. Taken together, beef demand during recessions does not fare badly,” Sands explained.
To hold or grow that line over time, producers need to keep supplying consumers with the type of beef they’ve continued to crave.
“Over the past couple of years, we’ve gotten used to a certain level of quality in the industry — more Choice cattle in the slaughter mix,” he said. “I don’t think consumers are ready to compromise that. They’re going to want to see grading continue to increase.”
