As area producers head into the early spring, it may be wise to consider potential hazards from parasite infestation in grazing animals.
Jeremy Powell, veterinarian and assistant professor at the University of Arkansas, said upcoming spring weather trends could lead to conditions conducive to parasite survival. “Mild temperatures and good moisture levels make a higher rate of infection possible,” said Powell. “It depends on how much more cold weather we get. Larva under the soil can be there for a long time before migrating to grass.”
Although grazing animals are largely affected by parasites, different species experience unique responses to parasitic infections. Horses, for example, will show a decrease in performance and develop colic.
Goats and sheep also experience costly effects if infected. Powell said some animals may be more sensitive to parasites. “Goats can experience severe infections of intestinal parasites that can actually cause death to occur if left untreated,” said Powell.
If cattle are infected, they won’t gain weight as well. Parasites can also affect milk production, which lowers weaning weights in calves.
There are some steps producers can take to help prevent and treat livestock. Powell said spring is an excellent time to treat because of high parasite burdens. He said producers can find de-worming medications at their local cooperative or veterinary clinic to treat their animals. “If we can treat animals when they are bombarded with infection, then that cuts down on further contamination of pastures.”
Powell said grazing management is a way to help prevent the spread of parasites within the herd. “One way people can minimize parasite re-infection is by pasture management,” said Powell. “Taller grass and lower stocker density will help.”
These treatments and preventative methods should help producers mitigate costs. “Parasites cause a lot of economic loss,” said Powell. “The amount of loss depends on the age of the animal. Some university studies estimate it anywhere from $25-200 per year. There tends to be greater losses in younger animals and when grazing under poor forage conditions. Older animals have had time to develop some immunity to parasite burdens.”
Powell says the best way to prevent detriment from parasite infection is through treatment. He says there are many good dewormers currently available, and that the average cost of deworming a mature cow is approximately $2 to $3.
